独立主格结构的几种形式

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一、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）　 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西.There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家. 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式.The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美. 4. 名词(代词)+形容词The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来.Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们. 5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室.The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了. 6. 名词(代词)+名词His first shot failure,he fired again．他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪.Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童. 7. 名词(代词) +介词短语He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着.Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house,a vast load of firewood on her back．每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过. 二、with,without 引导的独立主格结构 with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格.上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里.（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室.（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式） The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动.（with+名词/代词+动词不定式） The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着.（with+名词/代词+副词） He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑.（with+名词/代词+介词短语） With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐.（with+名词/代词+形容词）在with (without) 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略.

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