请土木专业人员帮我翻译一下 急用 英翻汉

请土木专业人员帮我翻译一下 急用 英翻汉
Given the previously stated requirements,it is obvious that the mere design of the column cross section for strength under some combination of "ultimate"loads is quite insufficient.However,the strength and behavior of the cross section represent anchor points in the analysis and design of reinforced concrete columns.In this chapter a variety of methods for the design and analysis of slender and nonslender reinforced concrete columns will be presented and examined,some simple and inaccurate,others more complex and,hopefully,more accurate.Given the nature of the problem,a combination of simplicity and accuracy is probably impossible to achieve,though it appears that satisfactory performance of columns can be obtained quite economically.
The design and analysis of reinforced concrete columns under combined axial load and uniaxial bending is discussed in many textbooks on reinforced concrete structures(Wang and salmon,1985).Biaxial bending introduces complications in inverse ratio to the number of simplifying assumptions to be made in the structural analysis.If the simplest method is used ,in which fully elastic,uncracked,short column behavior is assumed,neither the presence of axial load nor that of bending in the orthogonal direction will affect the stiffness of the member in one direction,and cross section stresses may be obtained from uncoupled bidirectional frame analyses and superposed.Many columns designed in this way are serving successfully all over the world.
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